Research and reports concerning the wastes generated by oil and gas development, including produced water, disposal practices, and naturally occurring radioactive materials.
Ouyang, et al. 2019. Research examining how radium is distributed between liquid and suspended-solid portions of hydraulic-fracturing wastewater and what that distribution means for wastewater treatment.
Punam Thakur, Anderson L. Ward & Tanner M. Schaub, 2022.A study examining uranium- and thorium-series radionuclides and other constituents in hydraulic-fracturing wastes from the Permian Basin..
Rosenblum, et al. 2017. Researchers followed changes in flowback and produced-water chemistry from a hydraulically fractured Colorado well over 220 days, examining naturally occurring radioactive materials, dissolved solids, trace metals, and other constituents.
Justin Nobel, 2024. In an extraordinary seven-year investigation, Justin Nobel traveled the United States reporting on the oil and gas industry and learned a disturbing and little-known a lot more comes to the surface at a well than just the oil and gas. Each year the industry produces billions of tons of waste, much of it toxic and radioactive. The fracking boom has only worsened the problem. So where does it all go?